Which of the following I$/$O systems is preferred for a computer system that is dedicated

to run a financial application with high compute requirements $($e$.$g$.,$ mathematical

equations that require billions of ALU instructions$)$ with bursts of data transfers, and

each transfer is many gigabytes in size?

a$.$ Port$-$mapped DMA interrupt$-$driven I$/$O

b$.$ Port$-$mapped programmed polling I$/$O

c$.$ Memory$-$mapped DMA interrupt$-$driven I$/$O