Which of the following is a characteristic of calculating standard cost variances for manufacturing overhead costs under an activity-based cost (ABC) system?

a) An ABC system would likely have a greater number of standard cost variances reported each period.

b) Only non-volume-related cost drivers are used in the cost-allocation process.

c) The flexible-budget variance will be the same under both a traditional cost system and an ABC system.

d) Fewer variances need to be reported, compared to the number of overhead variances calculated under a traditional cost system.

e) Flexible budgets are used for planning but not cost-control purposes.