Which of the following is FALSE?

a.With a ratio scale, it is possible to have zero amount of some attribute.

b.There are few psychological constructs that can reasonably be assumed to have a natural or absolute zero.

c.Ratio scales allow the proportionate transformations of scale values as well as the addition of arbitrary constants.

d.a and b.

e.a, b, and c.

a24.Which of the following is FALSE?

a.A positive linear transformation of the form y = a + bx can only be performed on a ratio scale if one is to preserve the properties of the scale.

b.A ratio scale differs from an interval scale in that the ratio scale has a natural zero.

c.Determination of absolute zero is difficult with measurements in marketing. It is debatable whether many of the constructs used in marketing even possess this property.

d.a and b.

e.a, b, and c.

a25.The interchanging or switching of scale values among and between objects does not affect the originally intended purpose of the scale when the scale is

a.nominal.

b.ordinal.

c.interval.

d.ratio.

e.the interchanging of scale values always affects the purpose.

d26.It is reasonable to state that one object has twice as much of the attribute property when it has a score of 60 and the other object has a score of 30 when measurement is on a(n)scale.

a.nominal

b.ordinal

c.interval

d.ratio

e.interval or ratio

d27.For a scale to have ordinal properties, which of the following must be established?

a.if "a" is greater than "b," then "b" is not greater than "a"

b.if "a" is greater than "b" and "b" is greater than "c," then "a" is greater than "c"

c.if "a" is equal to "b" and "b" is equal to "c," then "a" is equal to "c"

d.all of the above

e.none of the above

c28.Which of the following is (are) permissible measure(s) of central tendency with ordinal scales?

a.arithmetic mean, median and the mode

b.geometric and harmonic means

c.median and mode

d.arithmetic mean and median

e.arithmetic mean

e29.Which of the following is TRUE?

a.Age is an example of a ratio scale.

b.The number of children in the family is an example of an interval scale.

c.Brand names of automobiles owned is an example of an ordinal scale.

d.A person's monthly gasoline expenditure in dollars is an example of a ratio scale.

e.a and d.

d30.Which of the following is FALSE?

a.The observation approach to attitude determination rests on the presumption that a subject's behavior is conditioned by his or her attitudes.

b.The most common approach to measuring attitudes has been self-report.

c.One of the disadvantages of the equal-appearing interval method of scaling is that a large number of judges are required during the process of developing the scale.

d.One of the advantages of the equal-appearing interval method of scaling is that scale construction and scale use take place at the same time.

e.The directions to subjects for the Likert scale are the same when constructing it as when using it.

c31.The ordinal scale represents a higher level of measurement than the nominal in that

a.the assigned numerals serve to identify the objects.

b.the magnitude of the differences in the objects is shown.

c.the assigned numerals represent the order as well as identifying the object.

d.it has a natural zero.

e.it has an arbitrary zero.

b32.Which of the following is NOT true when a scale is a ratio scale?

a.Transformations of the form y = bx are permissible

b.The scale is invariant for all transformations of the form y = a bx

c.If "a" is greater than "b" and "b" is greater than "c," then "a" is greater than "c"

d.If "a" equals "b" and "b" equals "c," then "a" equals "c"

e.The mode and the median are permissible measures of central tendency

d33.The magnitude of the differences in objects is shown when which types of scales are used?

a.interval or ordinal

b.ratio or ordinal

c.ordinal or nominal

d.interval or ratio

e.nominal or interval