Which of the following is not a characteristic of ad valorem taxes on real property?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ad valorem taxes on real property? O a. Lower taxes may apply to residences owned by senior citizens. Ob. Property owned by the Federal government is exempt from tax. O c. States may have a homestead exemption. O d. Some states provide for higher valuations on property used for agriculture. Oe. When a personal residence is converted to a rental house, the appraised value may be increased