Which of the following is not a cost associated with conducting an IPO? a. underwriting spread b. The opportunity cost of management spending time on the IPO instead of strategically managing the firm's business. c. The reduction in stock price (abnormal return) that is likely to result when the new issue is announced d. Underpricing e. None of the above Potential investors can learn about a firm that is issuing new stock through the: a prospectus. b. pre-underwriting negotiating meeting. c. letter of commitment d. Securities Act of 1933. e. rights agreement. Which of the following is not a potential reason for why IPOs may be intentionally underpriced. a. Underpricing may as compensation to investors for taking large risk. b. Underwriters may intentionally underprice IPOs to satisfy securities laws that limit the amount that they can charge investors for the shares in an IPO. c. Underwriters may intentionally underprice IPOs to reduce the risk of being sued by