Which of the following is not a definition of policy:

a$.$ "a relatively stable, purposive course of action or inaction followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern."

b$.$ "a purposive or goal$-$orientated action rather than random or chance behaviour".

c$.$ "a formally articulated goal that the legislator intends pursuing with society or with a societal group".

d$.$ "communicates the purpose of the organisation$/$country and provides insight into what the organisation$/$country hopes to achieve or become in the future".