Which of the following is not among the most common types of driving forces?

a$.$ changes in the long$-$term industry growth rate, changes in who buys the product and how they use it$,$ and growing buyer preferences for differentiated products

b$.$ emerging new Internet applications and capabilities, technological change, and the diffusion of technical know$-$how across more companies and more countries

c$.$ changes in cost and efficiency, the entry or exit of major firms, and changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles

d$.$ product innovation, marketing innovation, and increasing globalization of the industry

e$.$ changes in interest rates, changes in the number of seller$-$supplier collaborative alliances, and changes in overall industry profitability