Which of the following is not an example of transaction or translation exposure?

a. an increase in the real value of the dollar hurts a U.S. firms domestic sales because foreign competitors are able to increase their sales to U.S. customers.

b. an increase in the pounds value increases the U.S. firms cost of British pound payables.

c. a decrease in the pesos value decreases a U.S. firms dollar value of peso receivables.

d. a company uses the temporal method of translating its subsidiarys financial statements because of high inflation overseas.