1. Which of the following is not one of the Fed's monetary policy tools?

   	1.	Open market operations
   	2.	Changes in the fed funds rate
   	3.	Changes in the discount rate
   	4.	Changes in the required reserve ratio
   	5.	All of the above are monetary policy tools of the Fed

2. Which of the following is not a fundamental function of the Federal Reserve?

   	1.	Conduct the nation's monetary policy.
   	2.	Provide an effective payments system.
   	3.	Regulate banking operations.
   	4.	Ensure bank profitability.
   	5.	All of the above are fundamental functions of the Federal Reserve.