Which of the following is not stored in transaction log$?$

a$.$ Records for the beginning and the end of the transaction.

b$.$ The type of operation being performed $($update$,$ delete, insert$).$

c$.$ The names of the objects affected by the transaction $($the name of the table$).$

d$.$ The "before" and "after" values for the fields being updated.

e$.$ Results of the select queries performed within the transaction.