Which of the following is part of the monetary base?

Select one:

a.Federal Reserve notes

b.bonds

c.discount loans

d.none of the above

A country loses the ability to conduct discretionary control of the money supply when it

Select one:

a.uses a fixed exchange rate.

b.engages in dollarization.

c.uses a gold standard.

d.all of the above.

Which of the following could shift the supply of reserves?

Select one:

a.an open market purchase of bonds

b.a change in the reserve requirement

c.a fall in the equilibrium federal funds rate

d.all of the above