Which of the following is the best method of definitively establishing causation?

	A well-designed experiment that includes a control group.
	A well-designed experiment.
	A 'meh' experiment.

True/False: If a correlation is perfect (1.0) or very close to perfect, you can assume that there is probably at least some degree of causation.

	True
	False

It is observed that a certain variable 'x' always seems to be associated with some change in a variable 'y'. True/False: We can therefore assume that there is some causation present

	True
	False

Which of he following best describes the term 'lurking' or 'confounding' variable?

	These are variables BESIDES the explanatory variable that have an effect on the response variable.
	A confounding (or lurking) variable tells us that the explanatory variable is the weakest contributer to the response variable.
	A confounding (or lurking) variable tells us that the explanatory variable is the strongest contributer to the response variable.

Which of the following options is the most likely reason for a relationship having a strong correlation, but without any causation?

	Presence of lurking or confounding variables.
	Presence of a strong r.
	Absence of an experiment.
	None of the above.

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for embarking on a linear regression analysis?

	The relationship must be linear
	The correlation must be extremely strong.
	There must be causation

True/False: You can have a causal relationship with more than one explanatory variable.

	True
	False

Imagine a situation where a researcher looks at the relationship between number of police cars present, the number of press present, and the amount of damage caused by a fire. Another variable that comes into play is the size of the fire. So you have the following variables: - Number of police present - Number of press present - Size of the fire - Damage caused by the fire Which of the following options could be considered causal variable(s) for this scenario?

	Number of police present.
	Number of press present.
	Damage caused by the fire.
	Size of the fire.