Which of the following is the result of certification that a reputable underwriter provides during an IPO?

a. A reputable underwriter implicitly assures the quality of the firm and verifies the valuation and financial health of the company

b. Reputable underwriters normally certify that IPO will be successful and provide reimbursement to investors if the price falls on the IPO day

c. Reputable underwriters assure issuing firms that the offer price is fair and there will be no excessing underpricing

d. Underwriters hold the issuing firms harmless from any legal issues by certifying the IPO process