Which of the following is true about all$-$to$-$all broadcast and reduction?

Different processes may also broadcast same messages.

This is a generalization of an all$-$in$-$one broadcast wherein all nodes sequentially initiate a broadcast and a process sends the same message to all of the other processes.

This is a generalization of a one$-$to$-$all broadcast wherein all nodes concurrently initiate a broadcast and a process sends the same message to all of the other processes.

In it$,$ it is not possible to use communication links in the communication network more effectively.