Which of the following is true according to adaptive expectations theory if the actual rate of inflation was $5$ percent in the previous year?

a$.$ Workers expect the rate of inflation in the current year to be less than $5$ percent, and this shifts the short$-$run Phillips curve leftward.

b$.$ Workers expect the rate of inflation in the current year to be $5$ percent, and this shifts the short$-$run Phillips curve leftward.

c$.$ Workers expect the rate of inflation in the current year to be $5$ percent, and this shifts the short$-$run Phillips curve rightward.

d$.$ Workers expect the rate of inflation in the current year to be less than $5$ percent, and this shifts the short$-$run Phillips curve rightward.