Which of the following operators result in a $$wide dependency$?$

Group of answer choices

$($a$)$ map

$($b$)$ join

$($c$)$ reduce

$($d$)$ group by

$($e$)$ filter

$($f$)$ all of the above. namely $($a$)$ untll $($e$))$

$($b$),($c$),$ and $($d$)$