Which of the following scenarios can be considered a security concern when using hashing?

In some applications, a black hat with knowledge of the hash function may be able to supply information to a hash which creates worst$-$case behavior by causing excessive collisions, resulting in very poor performance $($i$.$e$.,$ a denial of service attack$).$

SQL injection can be used on hashing functions due to the property of being error$-$prone to write and use. As hacker can slip an SQL query with hashing key during its lookup operation.

In some applications, a black hat with knowledge of microprocessor cache issues $($memory management$)$ due to hashing may be able to conduct buffer overflow or underflow attacks.

None of the options