Which of the following statements about total quality management $($TQM$)$ is false?

TQM doctrine preaches that everyone has a responsibility to participate in continuous improvement.

Management's job in instituting a TQM program is to kindle an organizationwide search for ways to improve, a search that involves all company personnel exercising initiative and using their ingenuity.

TQM aims at instilling enthusiasm and commitment to doing things right from the top to the bottom of the organization.

The centerpiece of TQM programs is the use of sophisticated information systems to give employees all across the company quick, accurate access to the data and resources they need to achieve continuous improvement in how value chain activities are performed.

TQM takes a fairly long time to show significant results$--$very little benefit emerges within the first six months.