Which of the following statements concerning depreciation is false?

a$.$ Depreciation expense occurs because the cost of long$-$term assets such as buildings and

equipment must be matched to the revenues produced by those assets.

b$.$ Depreciation expense on the income statement $$flows through$$ to the accumulated

depreciation account on $($or in the notes section of$)$ the balance sheet.

c$.$ The net property and equipment account on the balance sheet is equal to gross fixed

assets plus accumulated depreciation.

d$.$ Depreciation expense is calculated by the straight$-$line method.

e$.$ To estimate the cash flow of a business when only income statement data are available,

add depreciation $($and any other noncash expenses$)$ to net income