Which of the following statements is true concerning dividends: A. Assuming that a corporate executive, who also is a 40% shareholder, is given free use of the company car, the use attributable to personal purposes may be deemed a dividend B. Assuming that a corporation makes a $5,000 payment to a corporate shareholder for property valued at $8,000, the purchase of the property may be deemed a dividend to the shareholder. C. Before a shareholder is charged with dividend income, there must be a formal declaration by the corporation's board of directors of its intent to make a dividend distribution .D. When determining if a withdrawal of funds by a shareholder is a loan or constructive dividend, the lack of interest paid by the shareholder or charged by the corporation is a determining factor in holding withdrawals to be constructive dividends.