Which of the following statements is/are correct?

I. Preemptive rights allow common stockholders the ability to maintain their proportionate interest in the company.

II. Participation rights give preferred stockholders the ability to convert into common stock.

III. Preferred stock is a class of stock with characteristics that differ from those of common stock.

IV. Cumulative preferred stock does not allow dividend payments to carryforward.

Select one:

a. I, only

b. I, II, III, and IV

c. II and IV

d. I and III