Which of the following taxpayers would not be considered maintaining a permanent

a. A taxpayer that lived in an abode and provided contributions toward monthly expenses

b. A taxpayer that lived in an abode but only cleaned up every once in a while

c. A taxpayer that owned the abode, but used the abode only sparingly and never paid the real estate taxes

d. A taxpayer that owned the abode but rented it out to others for the entire year.