Which of the following transactions would typically result in the creation of a deferred tax liability?

a. Gross profit on installment sales is recognized currently in pretax financial income but is not taxable for income tax purposes until cash is received.

b. Losses recognized in pretax accounting income from an investment in a subsidiary are accounted for by the equity method but not deductible for income tax purposes until the investment is sold.

c. Rents received in advance are taxable when received but are not recognized in pretax financial income until earned.

d. A contingent liability is recognized as an expense currently in pretax financial income but not deductible for income tax purposes until paid.