Which of the following would not be considered as a derived attribute? Aggregates (e.g., number of students getting A, B, C, and F in a class) Flags (e.g., a flag that shows whether a student passes or not) Ratios (e.g., ratio of final exam score to midterm exam score) Mappings (e.g., letter grades mapped to a decimal number between 0 and 4.0) Time Intervals (e.g., the duration of studies provided in the raw data)