Which of the following would not be included among the three elements that an activity must have to be a violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

Select one:

A$.$ There must be agreement among the parties that indicated a restraint of trade.

B$.$ Damages resulting from the injury must be able to be ascertained and established.

C$.$ A party must have been injured as a direct result of any restraint of trade.

D$.$ The two parties must have made independent business decisions in the situation.