Which of the situations describes a bandwagon effect caused by a lack of confidence in markets?

Hank and Sid start to root for a local sports team only when the team makes it to the national championships.

Carol moves out of her parents' house and into an apartment of her own. Shortly thereafter, her brother does the same.

Shirley sees Jane with a new pair of fashionable jeans and decides to buy the same pair.

Rick notices that his brother Steve and many other investors have reduced the amount they invest, and Rick decides to

do the same.