Which of these was NOT one of the long$-$term effects of the construction of the road and highway system leading to this area?

a$.$ The indigenous peoples of the Mayo River Basin migrated out of the river basin into the urban area arund Lima.

b$.$ Migrants to the region establish themselves on the lands of the indigenous Awajun people, sometimes causing violent clashes

c$.$ More recent arrivals to the region are settling in protected areas like the Alto Mayo Protected Forest

d$.$ The population of the Mayo River Basin doubled between $1972$ and $1981.$