1. Which of these would best represent random sampling from a population?

You get a list of the most recent 200 customers and randomly select half of them to be interviewed.

You put the names of all 1,000 of the company's customers into a bowl and randomly select 100 of them to interview.

You randomly select one customer. Once you have interviewed him or her, you flip a coin. If the coin is heads, you ask the customer to refer you to someone else he or she knows who has purchased the product. You then interview that person and again flip a coin. This continues until you obtain 100 interviews.

You set up a booth where your company sells a product and ask the next 100 customers who walk in to be interviewed.

2.

The statistics that summarize a data sample are referred to as ________ and are used to calculate ________ statistics, which refer to the population from which the sample came.

descriptive; inferential

local; global

constructive; comprehensive

specific; general

3.

To what extent might prayer improve grades? Participants were told they were about to take a difficult logic test. Half were asked to pray for help on the exam; the other half were asked to prepare silently for the exam. All participants then took the logic test. Scores were the same for both groups. Which of these statements is true about the study?

The study was non-experimental.

The DV was prayer or no prayer.

No causal conclusion could be drawn from the study.

The IV was the logic test.

4.

Sometimes a research study includes two levels of the IV, with the first level being the customary state of affairs, which we consider the baseline level. The other level is altered from the ordinary condition so that we can make a comparison. The first level is properly referred to as the ________.

confirmatory

uncontrolled

ordinary

control

5.

Researchers found that, in all cities with at least one million residents, the more churches in the city, the higher the number of homicides. Which of the following is a possible confound?

the number of homicides

the year(s) in which the study was conducted

the cities that were included in the study

the number of churches

6.

To measure a variable involves the assignment of ________ to it in such a way that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the state of the variable and the measure.

qualities

units

numbers

signifiers

7.

Patryja asked 20 participants to complete a measure of extroversion. How can she determine if her measure isreliable?

Ask new participants to take a different measure of extroversion to see if the results are consistent with those from the previous participants.

Ask the same participants to take a different measure of extroversion to see if results from the two measures are consistent.

Ask a group of new participants to take the same measure to see if the results from the two groups are consistent.

Ask the same participants to take the same measure again to see if results are consistent.

8.

Patryja asked 20 participants to complete a measure of extroversion. How can she best determine if her measure isvalid?

Ask a group of new participants to take the same measure to see if the results from the two groups are consistent.

Ask new participants to take a different measure of extroversion to see if the results are consistent with those from the previous participants.

Ask the same participants take the same measure again to see if results are consistent.

Ask the same participants to take a different measure of extroversion to see if results from the two measures are consistent.

9.

Friendliness was measured by asking each participant to classify herself or himself as not friendly (1) or friendly (2). What level of measurement is this?

ratio

ordinal

interval

nominal

10.

Open Science advocatespreregistrationas a check on each of the following biasesexcept

exploratory analysis.

planned analysis.

faces in the clouds.

cherry picking.