Which one of the following statements related to growing annuities and perpetuities is correct?

Select one:

a. Growth rates cannot be applied to perpetuities if you wish to compute the present value.

b. The cash flow used in the growing annuity formula is the initial cash flow at time zero.

c. The present value of a growing perpetuity will decrease if the discount rate is increased.

d. An increase int he rate of growth will decrease the present value of an annuity.

e. The future value of an annuity will decrease if the growth rate is increased.