Which structural characteristicsproduct type, own- ership statusare associated with greater firm-level internationalization among African firms? 2. To what extent do firm-specific resources and capa- bilities (managerial, organizational, and relational) contribute to favorable internationalization behavior among African firms? 3. How important are environmental factors in fa- cilitating or impeding internationalization among African firms? Structural Characteristics Associated With firm-level Internationalization Among African firms