While most epidemiology studies are carefully designed, there still may be some pitfalls to the study. Choose one of the Pitfalls below and describe how it plays a part in the interpretation of the study. Then give an example of a study that matches this pitfall and explain how it might skew the results. Discuss your opinion of the pitfall and how it could be remedied.

Cause and effect

Conflicting results

Ethical issues

Conflicts of interest