While Western leadership often emphasizes individualism, decisiveness, and charisma, non-Western cultures offer diverse viewpoints, including: a.) independence, personal harmony, close relationship building, personal growth, and great personal leadership. b.) scientific method, systematic processes, and standardization models that support self-directed inquiry and investigations. c.) interconnectedness, harmony, consensus, relationship building, personal growth, and collective leadership. d.) team and work harmony, close workplace relationships building, and personal leadership