Why is making cost/benefit analysis of healthcare expenditures so difficult?

a. Because few healthcare managers are able to calculate the MHP (marginal health product) of remedial health interventions.

b. Because most costs of healthcare are difficult to quantify.

c. Because measurement instruments in most physician's offices are restricted to scales for weight and that little sliding thing to measure height.

d. Because costs and benefits of healthcare are often expressed in different units of measure