You are an analyst for a large public pension fund and you have been assigned the task of evaluating two different external portfolio managers (Y and Z). You consider the following historical average return, standard deviation, and CAPM beta estimates for these two managers over the past five years:PortfolioActual Avg. ReturnStandard DeviationBetaManager Y10.20%12.00%1.20Manager Z8.80%9.90%0.80Additionally, your estimate for the risk premium for the market portfolio is 5.00 percent and the risk-free rate is currently 4.50 percent.

b. Calculate each fund manager's average "alpha" (actual return minus expected return) over the five-year holding period. Show graphically where these alpha statistics would plot on the security market line (SML).

c. Explain whether you can conclude from the information in part (b) if (I) either manager outperformed the other on a risk-adjusted basis, and (2) either manager outperformed market expectations in general.