37. Jared was questioning a suspect using the Reid technique, and after a long and exhaust. interrogation, the suspect falsely confessed to the crime just to put an end to interrogation. When hearing this confession, Jared felt even more confident that the susp was guilty. This is an illustration of the phenomenon that psychologists call: a. False-positive bias b. Attribution bias Exhaustion bias Confirmation bias C. d. 38. Based on research studies of people's abilities in lie detection, the following statement true: a. Most people can easily detect when another person is lying. b. Police detectives are no better at detecting lies than college students. Training does significantly improve lie detection abilities. c. d. Fidgeting and avoiding eye contact are reliable clues that the person is lying. 39. The federal Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 prohibited the use of polygraph by: a. all private employers for the purpose of hiring for a job b. most private employers for the purpose of hiring for a job c. all public employers including criminal justice agencies d. all public employers except for national security agencies 40. The comparison question test (CQT) polygraph technique utilizes comparison ques that are supposed to make a person uncomfortable (so called known lie questions). W one of the following questions is NOT a good comparison question for CQT purpose a. Did you ever do anything illegal or dishonest? b. Have you ever tried a food you did not like? c. Have you ever lied to get out of trouble? d. Did you ever wish a person you hated got hurt? 41. There are several problems with standard polygraph techniques like CQT. Which of following is NOT one of these problems? a. In some people, lying produces little physiological response b. There is lack of standardization and significant subjectivity in polygraph examiners' scoring c. People who do not have faith in the validity of the polygraph may not respo the way examiners expect d. Polygraph examiners believe in the importance of their mission and skills 42. The rates of accuracy of the polygraph have been calculated using controlled lab stu and mock crimes. These rates are likely to be somewhat inflated for the following reasons, EXCEPT: a. subjects in these studies do not have much to lose b. lies that subjects in these studies tell are very simple C. the polygraph machines used in these studies are outdated d. subjects in these studies have not been trained in countermeasures 43. Elena was suspected of committing a fraud. Investigators asked her to tell her story backwards: a. makes suspects likely to confess b. causes false negative admission of guilt c. will be accepted by courts as evidence d. increases cognitive load 44. Unlike other polygraph tests, the guilty knowledge test (GKT): a. relies heavily on the expertise of polygraph examiners b. reduces polygraph examiners to mere technicians c. places the burden of proof on the polygraph machine d. places the burden of proof on the polygraph examiner's skills 45. Which of the following statements correctly reflects the current legal status of the polygraph? a. Almost half of the states have banned the use of polygraph results in court. b. Only five states allow the use of polygraph evidence in court. c. The Supreme Court has banned the use of polygraph tests in criminal trials d. Polygraph evidence can only be used in criminal but not civil cases.