You are given the following information from a single genetic locus (with two alleles: D1 and D2) from several subpopulations of the native plant foxglove beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis) in Upstate NY. Assume the subpopulations are all about the same size.

Calculate the F-statistics for these populations (the bars over the capital letters have been omitted below). First calculate the three H statistics

H_I =

H_S=

H_T=

Then, use the H-statistics to calculate the F-statistics

F_IS=

F_ST=

F_IT=

For F_ST and F_IS, interpret the results. Address both how much divergence exists among subpopulations ("little to none" = F[ST] between 0 and 0.05, "some" = F[ST] between 0.05 and 0.15, "substantial" = F[ST]>0.15) and whether substantial inbreeding or outbreeding is occurring.

D1 population frequency Albany 0.5 Kingston 0.26 Woodstock 0.35 Hurley 0.14 New Paltz 0.23 Walden 0.03 Milton 0.15 Saugerties 0.18 observed heterozygosity 0.48 0.55 0.25 0.23 0.35 0.16 0.24 0.25