You are part of a research team investigating the effects of aerobic cardiovascular and moderate weight resistance training on the BMI (Body Mass Index) of moderately overweight but not obese teens (BMI range: 25.0 - 29.9).Your team has carefully recruited four random samples of about fifty overweight adolescents each.All subjects were given access to a local gym, had an initial fitness session in which they were introduced to the facilities and their use, and passed a medical exam to ensure they were healthy enough for an exercise program.They were randomly assigned to one of four groups:

Group A: Not assigned to any specific exercise program ('control' or 'no treatment' group)

Group B: Asked to follow a cardiovascular exercise program 3 times per week

Group C: Asked to follow a moderate weight resistance training program 3 times per week

Group D: Asked to follow an exercise program that incorporated both cardiovascular activity and resistance training 3 times per week

The adolescents' BMI's were measured by their general practitioner or another medical professional before they began the study and again two months later.You have been asked to provide the top-line summary of preliminary results for your team to review based on the data file you have received, using a confidence level of 95%.

The data file for this project includes the following variables:

Id: The identification number given to each participant for confidentiality

Group: The treatment group the individual is assigned to (A, B, C or D)

BMI_1: BMI measurement of participants before they began the study

BMI_2: BMI measurement of participants 2 months later

Your research summary should answer the following questions:

1.a. What was the average change in BMI for subjects in each of the four groups?(These averages should be expressed as confidence intervals. i.e. Provide a 95% confidence interval for the change in BMI for subjects in each group)

use 'change' variable in data set (miniproject1)

ocalculate 95% confidence interval

Statistics, summary statistics, analyze change, classification by group, and under options choose mean, stdav, # of observations, additional statistics click confidence leel of mean and put 95% confidence interval

b. Perform a hypothesis test to determine which groups showed a significant reduction in BMI.(Provide p-values for each group for this specific test.)

Run a left-tailed one sample t-test to calculate the p-values for each group

Use each group data file (bmigrpa, bmigrpb, bmigrpc, and bmigrpd)

oStatistics, t-test, one-sample test, analysis variable 'change', options select lower tailed test (to see if less than 0).

c. Compare the confidence intervals (from part a) and the hypothesis test results (from part b) and make connections between the two.

Interpretation

2.Which exercise program was more effective in reducing BMI: the cardiovascular exercise or weight resistance training programs? Your response should include a decision (based on a test) whether or not to assume equal variances.

Include a discussion as to why you selected the test you did and verify its assumptions.

You will compare two groups (use data set 'bmiprob2')

Run an independent two-sample t-test

oStatistics, t-tests, datafile, two-sample, analysis variable 'change', group variable 'group', options, 2-tailed different than 0

Ensure you test assumptions

3.What can you conclude about the variances of the change in BMI for the cardio and weight training group compared to the group that was not asked to follow a specific exercise program?

Describe the test you use to answer this question. Feel free to include any graphs that support your conclusion.

You will need to compare variances using an F-test (use data set 'bmiprob3')

You can also include visual graphs if that is how you want to justify your response

4.a. Verify or disprove that the average starting BMIs (BMI_1) of the four groups were the same.

Describe the test being used and verify its assumptions. (You may use other tests or graphs to verify the assumptions)

Run a one-way ANOVA on BMI1

Statistics, one-way ANOVA, analysis variable BMI1, categorical variable group

b. What impact does this have on the reliability of your results above?

Interpretation