You are the legal advisor for Porter & Moss, a large professional services firm based in Sandton, Johannesburg. Porter & Moss has over $600$ employees. $75\%$ of the $40$ Porter & Moss senior management personnel are white males. Mr Otto Du Plessis, the Managing Director of the firm, approaches you for advice about what he ought to take into account when he chooses beneficiaries of any affirmative action measures implemented to promote diversity within the firm.

Advise him by indicating which ONE of the following is INCORRECT regarding a beneficiary of affirmative action.

a$.$

The beneficiary must belong to a designated group.

b$.$

The beneficiary must be suitably qualified.

c$.$

Historical degrees of disadvantage may influence choosing individuals belonging to one designated group over another.

d$.$

The beneficiary must have been personally disadvantaged.