You are the newly appointed engineering manager of Environment, Health, and Safety $($EHS$)$

at Anstar Engineering, a global engineering firm that specializes in designing and developing

land, infrastructure, and transportation systems projects. Your firm is about to launch a new

signaling system to control high speed trains that operate in city corridors. Unfortunately, just

as you are about to launch the system to $20$ different major cities throughout Europe, Asia, and

South America, one of your design engineers comes to you with an urgent problem.

a$.$ A just discovered design flaw means there is a $2\%$ likelihood of an unpredicted, random

signal system failure after the system is started for the first time. After the system has

been started and running for more than $24$ hours, system redundancies would mean the

flaw would be corrected by internal, artificial learning mechanisms, and reduce the

chance of a signal failure to $1$x$10-9$

$.$