You Can Have Any Job You Want. as Long as It's Waitress by lan Katz and Alexandre Tanzi It's almost & am on a Friday and the tables near the her at the Hamilton in downtown Washington are getting crowded That means Victoria Honard is I lord. 22. who graduated from Syracuse University in May. works about 25 hours aweek as a waitress at the restaurant while she looks for a public policy job A dean's-list studert. she moved to Washington four days after graduation with the hope of finding a position at s think tank or policy-related organization. She's applied to about 20p and human services. "There are two ways of looking at it. I readd be extremely frustrated and be hitler, or I most of it, and I'm trying to take the latter approach" rate in Ang & fat females 20 s December 2006, compared with 7.4 percentfor men. As recentlyas January the rate was 7.1 percent for both genders, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The downside is that the sar's for women have been bang ly in law mayo's jab such as waitnisai i, in home healthcare, food preparation, and of's empkrymant fram 2006 1: 2012 was in jobs that asy less bun $10 10 an lean. vs. 20 percent for men. according to a study by the National Women's Lew Center INWLCI. he numbers expose a soft spot in the recovery. Which has reduced the overall unemployment rate from 10 percent in October 20109. The quality of jobs is an increasing cancer for U.S. policy makers and acanamists, because it affects income levels and waged'sparkice Of the 125,0CO jobs woman gained in August, 34.Co0ware in retail, leisure and hospitality; only 24.000 were in professional and business services. Many of those retail and hospitality jati w'e part-time employing women ad hoursor from Week Food services and ta's have added 381,090 jobs this year alone. "The place jobs have grown the most ties been in these parts of the economy that women have traditionally filled more chelly," says Diane Swank chief economist for Mestrow Financial In Chicago. Women have taken restaurant and retail jobs Instead of teaching and other public sector positions that have disappeared, says Joan Entmacher, vice president for family exes sinn ended, compared with for men Women "at laking jobs as baristas in Starbucks and ather joke that breed in an ta pan's without college degrees." Entmacher says. Women who worked full time In 2012 received $37,/41 In median ncome. 7/ percent of what men earned, the U.S. Census Bureau sold in a reporton So.17. That percentage has changed little since 2007. Thereamber of men working full time rose by 1 million from 201i ta 2012, the increase for woman was 359000. While students and recent graduates are taking low-wage jobs to get started. about 2 million married women have dropped out of the workforce since 2005. "If they're in a two-income house, they're more willing to drop out and take care of the children because it costs too much for day care." Swonk says. If the jobs available to women with children acid more, they might decide instead to go to work and use day care Those wall paying jobs are scarce: The quality of jobs is tied directly to economic growth, she says. "Growth is a magician when it comes to employman, because it pulls people out of the wordwork who might not have worked otherwise ard gives themandportanty" Regrettably Swank says. "we're not youwin hane robust growth fur Education may eventually shift the ability to find good jobs In favor of women. They passed men In 2005 as the majority of college grads and have gradually Increased their lead every year since. accounting for a record 32 percent of graduates In 2012. "themselves for making da with juke cutside their a Real study. Akexams A load, 27, says it may law diff cult To WWashingdan Unisuraily in Deasalan. Alland wha studies psychology. is a tersless at District fee "'s campus in West rulers She says he'll look for internships in addition to jobs. "be specialize in employment and labor issues at Welch Consulting In Washington. "The economy hasn't really picked up enough to got all of them into full- timework" At the Hamilton, teas blakes from the White House, Spoonerad Hemandallenvenison lawmakers and germantalliciak Thissummer she sured a program to scout for . ob openings and uses. network the university has on Linkedin. "It's a gradual process and I try to be systematic about it." she says. "I'mjust lucky I have something to support myself in the meantime" Part 1 (2 points) See Hint In August 2013, there were roughly 80 million men in the male labor force and 70 million women in the female labor force. Given the unemployment rates in the article, there were million unemployed men and million unemployed women (round the answer to one decimal place). Part 2 (1 point) See Hint According to the article, which of the following is a reason women were underemployed? Choose one: CA. Some women dropped out of the workforce to take care of their children. B. Many of the jobs taken by women were part-time. C. The jobs women look were low-pair jobs. D. Some of the Jobs taken by women were In professions not related to their college degree. Part 3 (1 point) See Hint According to the article, what will enable women to find better paying jobs compared to men in the future? Choose one: C A. Since 2005, the majority of college graduates have been women. B. The wages of jobs typically taken by men have fallen. C. Some women dropped out of the labor force, leaving openings for women entering the labor force. D. Congress Is considering passing equal-pay legislation