You consider which of the following?

A) There are substantial economies of scale regarding the costs of issuing debt and equity because the underwriter spreads are smaller on larger issues.

B) The costs associated with selling debt are substantially less than the costs of selling equity.

C) Shelf registration allows a company to register all issues it expects to sell within two years at one time, with subsequent sales at any time within those two years.

D) All of the above.

E) Only a. and c. above.