You have been asked to implement a Loan Item System for a local library, which they can operate manually. In this assignment, you will create a prototype system with limited functionality and explain how you have implemented the system in a short design document. The library contains various items for loan: books, magazines, DVDs and CDs$.$ These items have attributes: all have a title and a library ID number. Books and CDs have an author$/$artist$,$ whereas magazines and DVDs instead have a publisher. All items are kinds of $$loanable item$,$ which have two further attributes: a flag to indicate if the item is on loan, and a target return date.

Task $1$: Decide on a set of fields and data types for the various attributes described above, e$.$g$.$ the target return date could be represented as a string in the format $$YYMMDD$.$ Organise the fields between Java classes and$/$or interfaces to represent each of LoanItem, Book, Magazine, DVD$,$ and CD$.$ Implement these in code, with appropriate accessors or mutators. $(20\%)$

Task $2$: Decide on a data structure to hold the library$$s collection of items. You will also need to support sorting of the items. You may like to read ahead to decide what properties your data structure and sorting technique require. In your design document justify your choices $($e$.$g$.$ in terms of features, ease of use, computational complexity, etc$).$ Using a test class, create a test collection for the library of $20$ items using your chosen data structure. Populate this collection with actual examples, e$.$g$.$ for a book: author $$Tolkien$,$ title $$The Hobbit$,$ library id $$Item$-1,$ on$-$loan? $$No$,$ return$-$date $000000.(15\%)$

The library needs to be able to see its collection printed out as a report. The report must show the library id$,$ the item$$s type $($i$.$e$.$ if it is a book, magazine, DVD or CD$),$ the item$$s title, if it is on loan and, if so$,$ what its return date is$.$ The items in the report must be sorted.

Task $3$: Provide a method for sorting the items in your data structure. Write a method which sorts the items into the format described below, and another method to print out the report. Demonstrate these methods and provide some tests to prove that they work correctly. $(20\%)$

The items should be displayed in library ID number order, as in this sample report:

Item$-1,$ Book, The Hobbit, no

Item$-2,$ CD$,$ Greatest Hits, yes, $210215$

Item$-3,$ Magazine, Astronomy Now, yes, $210210$

Item$-4,$ DVD$,$ Pride and Prejudice, yes, $210210$

Task $4$: Modify your prototype so that the report orders items so that the on$-$loan items are listed before those not on loan. The on$-$loan items must be listed in target return date order, and, for items due on the same date, ordered in library ID number order. Provide suitable tests and demonstrate the output report is correct. $($If you complete this task, comment out but keep the code implementing task $3,$ where it conflicts with answering task $4,$ but make sure both answers are covered in your report.$)(10\%)$

A sample report for task $4$:

Item$-3,$ Magazine, Astronomy Now, yes, $210210$

Item$-4,$ DVD$,$ Pride and Prejudice, yes, $210210$

Item$-2,$ CD$,$ Greatest Hits, yes, $210215$

Item$-1,$ Book, The Hobbit, no

Task $5$: Provide methods so that the librarians can add or remove items from the collection. When removing an item, they will first need to find it$.$ Depending on your choice of data structure, you may need to add additional methods to support these operations. Provide suitable tests and demonstrate the operations work as they should. $(30\%)$

Submission Requirements:

Submit TWO items to the online submission site:

$1.$ A single PDF document containing your design document, to a maximum $10$ pages

$2.$ A single ZIP file, containing your project source code.

Marks awarded for:

$$ Answering the tasks as set out above, including a description of how you have solved each one in your design document. $(95\%)$

$$ Overall clarity$/$quality of the English descriptions. $(5\%)$