Here are three ways to assess one’s performance in high school: (1) GPA at graduation, (2) whether one graduated with honors (as indicated by graduating with a GPA of at least 3.5), and (3) class rank at graduation.

For example, Abdul had a 3.98 GPA, graduated with honors, and was ranked 10th in his class.

a. Which of these variables could be considered to be a nominal variable? Explain.

b. Which of these variables is most clearly an ordinal variable? Explain.

c. Which of these variables is a scale variable? Explain.

d. Which of these variables gives us the most information about Abdul’s performance?

e. If we were to use one of these variables in an analysis, which variable (as the dependent variable) would lead to the lowest chance of a Type II error? Explain why.