For over a quarter of a century, there has been exten- sive debate about whether human resource (HR) prac- tices, most commonly referred to as high-performance work practices (HPWPS), are associated, or even cause firms to achieve better performance, such as financial performance (FP) (Guest 2011; Harney and Alkhalaf 2020). Freya's research project tutor had collected data using a telephone questionnaire on HPWPS and firm performance from a stratified random sample of SMES (firms with 11-249 employees) for two time periods: 2007 and 2011.

Each of these variables had been coded to reflect its data type and the associated values for each had been entered into IBM SPSS Statistics and Microsoft Excel. Freya's supervisor had checked the accuracy of the coding, corrected any coding errors, added missing values, and checked (where appropriate) the variables' data were normally distributed. Freya read about how these survey data had been collected. She discovered her project tutor had selected a stratified random sample of 5,998 SMEs in 2007 and 6,165 in 2011 from Dun and Bradstreet (D&B) databases of UK firms. Respondents in the 2007 survey were asked if they would agree to be re-surveyed at a future date, and these respondents were prioritised in the 2011 survey. In the SPSS datafile for 2007 there were 1,589 unique firm records and in 2011, there were 1,522, 336 respondents answering in both 2007 and 2011 and comprising the balanced panel. Before meeting with her project tutor, Freya drafted a table showing response rates for the two studies and undertook a preliminary analysis of these data using both SPSS and Excel....

Questions
Before meeting with her project tutor, Freya decides to draft a paragraph interpreting the data in each of her analyses making sure she only uses statistics that are appropriate for the data type.

1 Draft a separate paragraph interpreting the tables and output relating to each of:
a response rates;
b descriptive statistics (be sure to select the appropriate statistic for each variable);
c correlation analysis;
d multiple regression analysis.