2. Societal Cynicism. This dimension represents an apprehension or pessimism of the world. “Caring about societal affairs only brings trouble upon oneself”

and “kind-hearted people usually suffer losses” are examples. Cultures high on this dimension believe that the world produces malignant outcomes, that they are surrounded by inevitable negative outcomes, and that individuals are suppressed by powerful others and subjected to the depredations of willful and selfish individuals, groups, and institutions.