Identify how ethnocentric bias might influence each of the following research questions, then propose an alternative to reduce ethnocentric bias.

A. A researcher seeks to determine whether happiness is associated with personal fulfillment (i.e., a person’s ability to maximize his or her own individual goals), and compares the relationship between happiness and self fulfillment in America and China.

B. A psychologist has conducted research on romantic relationships for over 35 years. Although her research questions have focused on how dating partners interact when together, she decided to expand her research to examine texting between dating partners. Specifically, she plans to test her idea that texting between partners leads to more superficial romantic relationships.

C. A researcher is interested in people’s reactions to threats of terrorism and is specifically interested in the theory that terrorism activates people’s sense of their own mortality. He proposes a research study in which reminding people of the afterlife will diminish their fear of terrorism.