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college physics with an integrated approach

Questions and Answers of College Physics With An Integrated Approach

Does a manometer (with one side open) measure absolute pressure or gauge pressure? How about a barometer? A tire pressure gauge? A sphygmomanometer?
Bacteria swim using a corkscrew-like helical flagellum that rotates. For a bacterium with a flagellum that has a pitch of 1.0 μm that rotates at 110 rev/s, how fast could it swim if there were no
(a) Using Fig. 3.26, estimate Damon’s acceleration at t = 2.0 s. (b) Estimate his average velocity between t = 0 and t = 10.0 s. t (s) 4 8 10 12 Smaller slope = smaller acceleration -2 Larger
(a) In Fig. 3.27, what is the instantaneous acceleration of the sports car of Example 3.7 at the time of 14 s from the start? (b) What is the frictional force on the car at this instant, in
Sketch a graph of ax(t) for the car in Problem 43. V (m/s)4 20 15 10 5 0. 5 10 15 20 t (s)
A and B have the same density; A has the larger radius. Which has the larger terminal velocity?Two spheres, A and B, fall through the same viscous fluid.(a) A has the larger terminal velocity.(b) B
A and B have the same radius; A has the larger mass. Which has the larger terminal velocity?Two spheres, A and B, fall through the same viscous fluid.(a) A has the larger terminal velocity.(b) B has
Two gears A and B are turning in mesh. Gear A’s radius to the point of contact between the gears is 8.0 cm and that of gear B is 4.0 cm.(a) What is the linear speed of the contact point when gear
A small object of mass 0.50 kg is attached by a 0.50 m long cord to a pin set into the surface of a frictionless table top. The object moves in a circle on the horizontal surface with a speed of
A proposed “space elevator” consists of a cable going all the way from the ground to a space station in geostationary orbit (always above the same point on Earth’s surface). Elevator “cars”
A star near the visible edge of a galaxy travels in a uniform circular orbit. It is 40 000 ly (light-years) from the galactic center and has speed of 275 km/s. (a) Estimate the total mass
A rotating flywheel slows down with constant angular acceleration due to friction in its bearings. At t = 0, its angular velocity is 420 rad/s. At t = 60 s, its angular velocity is 340
Earth’s orbit around the Sun is nearly circular. The period is 1 yr = 365.25 d. (a) In an elapsed time of 1 d, what is Earth’s angular displacement in radians? (b) What is the change in
Objects that are at rest relative to Earth’s surface are in circular motion due to Earth’s rotation. (a) What is the radial acceleration of an object at the equator? (b) Is the
Two blocks are connected by a light string passing over an ideal pulley. The block with mass m1 = 20.0 kg slides on a frictionless horizontal surface, while the block with mass m2 = 1.0 kg hangs
A ball weighing 20.0 N is tied to a string fixed to the ceiling. The string makes a 30.0° angle with the ceiling. Initially, the ball is held in place by a force that is perpendicular to the
A wheel of radius r rolls to the right without slipping on a horizontal road. Its axle moves at a constant speed vaxle. (a) Find the velocities of points A, B, and C with respect to the axle.
If a kangaroo on Earth can jump from a standing start so that its feet reach a height h above the surface, approximately how high can the same kangaroo jump from a standing start on the Moon’s
After getting on the Santa Monica Freeway, a sports car accelerates from 30 mi/h to 90 mi/h. Its kinetic energy(a) Increases by a factor of √3.(b) Increases by a factor of 3.(c) Increases by a
At perihelion, the gravitational potential energy of Mercury’s orbit hasThe orbit of Mercury is much more eccentric than the orbits of the other planets. That is, instead of being nearly circular,
Hilda holds a gardening book of weight 10 N at a height of 1.0 m above her patio for 50 s. How much work does she do on the book during that 50 s?
At perihelion, the kinetic energy of Mercury hasThe orbit of Mercury is much more eccentric than the orbits of the other planets. That is, instead of being nearly circular, the orbit is noticeably
At perihelion, the mechanical energy of Mercury’s orbit hasThe orbit of Mercury is much more eccentric than the orbits of the other planets. That is, instead of being nearly circular, the orbit is
As Mercury moves from the perihelion to the aphelion, the work done by gravity on Mercury is(a) Zero.(b) Positive.(c) Negative.The orbit of Mercury is much more eccentric than the orbits of the other
A horizontal towrope exerts a force of 240 N due west on a wate-skier while the skier moves due west a distance of 54 m. How much work does the towrope do on the water-skier?
A hiker descends from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon to the Colorado River. During this hike, the work done by gravity on the hiker is(a) Positive and depends on the path taken.(b) Negative and
Two balls are thrown from the roof of a building with the same initial speed. One is thrown horizontally while the other is thrown at an angle of 20° above the horizontal. Which hits the ground with
Starting from rest, a horse pulls a 250 kg cart for a distance of 1.5 km. It reaches a speed of 0.38 m/s by the time it has walked 50.0 m and then walks at constant speed. The frictional force on the
What speed does the catapult give a pebble of mass m when stretched to a distance 3d?A simple catapult, consisting of a leather pouch attached to rubber bands tied to two prongs of a wooden Y, has a
What speed does the catapult give a pebble of mass m/3 when stretched to a distance d?A simple catapult, consisting of a leather pouch attached to rubber bands tied to two prongs of a wooden Y, has a
The main energy expenditure involved in running is the work done by the muscles to accelerate the legs. When a foot strikes the ground, it is momentarily brought to rest while the remainder of the
A projectile is launched at an angle θ above the horizontal. Ignoring air resistance, what fraction of its initial kinetic energy does the projectile have at the top of its trajectory? (а) cos
Find the work done by gravity on the sliding crate.A crate of mass m1 = 12.4 kg is pulled by a massless rope up a 36.9° ramp. The rope passes over an ideal pulley and is attached to a hanging
If the incline is frictionless, find the total work done on the sliding crate. The tension in the rope is 110.5 N.A crate of mass m1 = 12.4 kg is pulled by a massless rope up a 36.9° ramp. The
Find the work done by gravity on the hanging crate.A crate of mass m1 = 12.4 kg is pulled by a massless rope up a 36.9° ramp. The rope passes over an ideal pulley and is attached to a hanging
If the frictional force on the sliding crate has magnitude 19.4 N and the tension in the rope is 121.5 N, find the total work done on the sliding crate.A crate of mass m1 = 12.4 kg is pulled by
A 75.0 kg skier starts from rest and slides down a 32.0 m frictionless slope that is inclined at an angle of 15.0° with the horizontal. Ignore air resistance. Calculate the work done by gravity on
A lawyer is on his way to court carrying his briefcase. The mass of the briefcase is 5.00 kg. The lawyer realizes that he is going to be late. Starting from rest, he starts to run, reaching a speed
In 1899, Charles M. “Mile a Minute” Murphy set a record for speed on a bicycle by pedaling for a mile at an average of 62.3 mi/h (27.8 m/s) on a track of planks set over railroad ties in the
Rank the points in order of kinetic energy, from greatest to least, assuming no friction or air resistance.A skier passes through points A–E as shown. Points B and D are at the same height. B D
Rank the points in order of gravitational potential energy, from greatest to least. A skier passes through points A–E as shown. Points B and D are at the same height. B D
Rank the points in order of mechanical energy, from greatest to least, assuming no friction or air resistance.A skier passes through points A–E as shown. Points B and D are at the same height. B D
Rank the points in order of mechanical energy, from greatest to least, taking friction and air resistance into consideration.A skier passes through points A–E as shown. Points B and D are at the
An arrangement of two pulleys, as shown in the figure, is used to lift a 48.0 kg crate a distance of 4.00 m above the starting point. Assume the pulleys and rope are ideal and that all rope sections
Brad tries out a weight-loss plan that involves repeatedly lifting a 50.0 kg barbell from the floor over his head to a height of 2.0 m. If he is able to complete three such lifts per minute, how long
Refer to Problems 11–14. Find the final speed of the sliding crate if the incline is frictionless.A crate of mass m1 = 12.4 kg is pulled by a massless rope up a 36.9° ramp. The rope passes
A brick of mass 1.0 kg slides down an icy roof inclined at 30.0° with respect to the horizontal. (a) If the brick starts from rest, how fast is it moving when it reaches the edge of the roof
Refer to Problems 11–14. Find the final speed of the sliding crate if the frictional force on the sliding crate has magnitude 19.4 N.A crate of mass m1 = 12.4 kg is pulled by a massless rope
The orbit of comet Halley around the Sun is a long thin ellipse. At its aphelion (point farthest from the Sun), the comet is 5.3 × 1012 m from the Sun and moves with a speed of 10.0 km/s. What is
Suppose a satellite is in a circular orbit 3.0 Earth radii above the surface of Earth (4.0 Earth radii from the center of Earth). By how much does it have to increase its speed in order to be able to
An asteroid hits the Moon and ejects a large rock from its surface. The rock has enough speed to travel to a point between Earth and the Moon where the gravitational forces on it from Earth and the
A block of wood is compressed 2.0 nm when inward forces of magnitude 120 N are applied to it on two opposite sides. (a) Assuming Hooke’s law holds, what is the effective spring constant of the
The length of a spring increases by 7.2 cm from its relaxed length when a mass of 1.4 kg is hanging in equilibrium from the spring. (a) What is the spring constant? (b) How much elastic
Rhonda keeps a 2.0 kg model airplane moving at constant speed in a horizontal circle at the end of a string of length 1.0 m. The tension in the string is 18 N. How much work does the string do on the
The tension in a ligament in the human knee is approximately proportional to the extension of the ligament, if the extension is not too large. If a particular ligament has an effective spring
An instrument known as an atomic force microscope (AFM) can be used to measure forces between atoms or molecules at the nanometer scale. Suppose you find the elasticity of biological membranes by
Lars, of mass 82.4 kg, can do work for about 2.0 min at the rate of 1.0 hp (746 W). How long will it take him to climb three flights of stairs, a vertical height of 12.0 m?
A bicycle and its rider together have a mass of 75 kg. What power output of the rider is required to maintain a constant speed of 4.0 m/s (about 9 mi/h) up a 5.0% grade (a road that rises 5.0 m for
A patient’s heart pumps 5.0 L of blood per minute into the aorta, which has a diameter of 1.8 cm. The average force exerted by the heart on the blood is 16 N. What is the average mechanical power
You are driving a car through campus when a fellow student steps out in front of you. You slam on the brakes, creating a 9.0 m long skid mark as measured by the police officer standing on the corner.
A 1500 kg car coasts in neutral down a 2.0° hill. The car attains a terminal speed of 20.0 m/s. (a) How much power must the engine deliver to drive the car on a level road at 20.0 m/s? (b)
Plot a graph of this data for a spring resting horizontally on a table. Use your graph to find (a) The spring constant and (b) The relaxed length of the spring. Force
A spring scale in a French market is calibrated to show the mass of vegetables in grams and kilograms. (a) If the marks on the scale are 1.0 mm apart for every 25 g, what maximum extension of
Ugonna stands at the top of an incline and pushes a 100 kg crate to get it started sliding down the incline. The crate slows to a halt after traveling 1.50 m along the incline. (a) If the
How much energy is converted by the muscles of an 80.0 kg person in climbing a vertical distance of 15 m? Assume that muscles have an efficiency of 22%; that is, the increase in gravitational
Starting from rest, a package slides down a 2.8 m long ramp inclined 53° below the horizontal. If μk = 0.30, find the speed of the package at the bottom of the ramp.
What is the speed of the object when it has moved 0.10 m along the incline?A spring with k = 40.0 N/m is at the base of a frictionless 30.0° inclined plane. A 0.50 kg object is pressed against the
A child’s playground swing is supported by chains that are 4.0 m long. If a child in the swing is 0.50 m above the ground and moving at 6.0 m/s when the chains are vertical, what is the maximum
How far along the incline does the object travel before coming to rest and then sliding back down?A spring with k = 40.0 N/m is at the base of a frictionless 30.0° inclined plane. A 0.50 kg object
The particle has a total mechanical energy of −100 J. At time t = 0, the particle is located at x = 8.0 cm and is moving to the left. (a) What is the particle’s potential energy at t = 0?
Answer the questions in Problem 121 for a particle with total mechanical energy +100 J initially moving to the left at x = 15.0 cm.The graph describes the potential energy as a function of position.
(a) Use dimensional analysis to show that the electric power output of a wind turbine is proportional to the cube of the wind speed. The relevant quantities on which the power can depend are the
Show that U = −2K for any gravitational circular orbit.
Rank the final speeds of the three rocks.Three rocks are thrown from a cliff with the same initial speeds but in different directions: rock A is thrown straight down, rock B is tossed straight up,
Two blocks of masses m1 and m2, resting on frictionless inclined planes, are connected by a massless rope passing over an ideal pulley. Angle φ = 45.0° and angle θ = 36.9°; mass m1 is 6.00 kg and
A packing carton slides down an inclined plane of angle 30.0° and of incline length 2.0 m. (a) If the initial speed of the carton is 4.0 m/s directed down the incline, what is the speed at the
If the initial speed is 6.0 m/s and the vertical drop is 18.0 m, find the final speeds of the three rocks.Three rocks are thrown from a cliff with the same initial speeds but in different directions:
Compare two methods of comparing or calculating the final speeds: using constant-acceleration kinematics versus using energy. Which is easier? Why?
A pendulum bob hung from a string of length L is released from height h above the bottom of its swing. The pendulum’s swing is interrupted by a horizontal peg at height r above the bottom of the
A pendulum consists of a bob of mass m attached to the end of a cord of length L. The pendulum is released from a point at a height of L/2 above the lowest point of the swing. What is the tension in
A block is released from rest and slides down an incline. The coefficient of sliding friction is 0.38, and the angle of inclination is 60.0°. (a) Use energy considerations to find how fast the
Two particles A and B of equal mass are located at some distance from each other. Particle A is at rest while B moves away from A at speed v. What happens to the center of mass of the system of two
A ball of mass m with initial speed v collides with another ball of mass M, initially at rest. After the collision the two balls stick together, moving with speed V. The ratio of the final speed V to
An object of mass m drops from rest a little above Earth's surface for a time t. Ignore air resistance. After time t the magnitude of its momentum is (a) mgt2 mgt (c) mg vt (d) Vmgt (e) mgt
An object at rest suddenly explodes into three parts of equal mass. Two of the parts move away at right angles to each other and with equal speeds v. What is the velocity of the third part just after
Two uniform spheres with equal mass per unit volume are in contact with one another. The mass of sphere A is five times that of sphere B. The center of mass of the system is(a) At the point
A 3.0 kg object is initially at rest. It then receives an impulse of magnitude 15 N·s. After the impulse, the object has(a) A speed of 45 m/s.(b) A momentum of magnitude 5.0 kg·m/s.(c) A speed of
Which graph shows the acceleration ay of the ball as a function of time?Refer to a situation in which a golf ball is projected straight upward in the +y-direction. Ignore air resistance. The
Which graph shows the momentum py of the ball as a function of time?Refer to a situation in which a golf ball is projected straight upward in the +y-direction. Ignore air resistance. The answer
At t = 0, six birds are flying south at 10 m/s. Their masses and their velocities at a later time are:(a) 200 g, 10 m/s north at t = 30 s(b) 200 g, 10 m/s east at t = 30 s(c) 200 g, 20 m/s north at t
Which graph shows the vertical position y of the ball as a function of time?Refer to a situation in which a golf ball is projected straight upward in the +y-direction. Ignore air resistance. The
Which graph shows the total energy of the ball as a function of time?Refer to a situation in which a golf ball is projected straight upward in the +y-direction. Ignore air resistance. The answer
Dynamite is being used to blast through rock to build a road. After one explosion, the masses and kinetic energies of several fragments of rock thrown up into the air are:(a) 8 kg, 400 J(b) 2 kg,
Which graph shows the potential energy of the ball as a function of time?Refer to a situation in which a golf ball is projected straight upward in the +y-direction. Ignore air resistance. The answer
Which graph shows the kinetic energy of the ball as a function of time?Refer to a situation in which a golf ball is projected straight upward in the +y-direction. Ignore air resistance. The answer
Five cars are traveling on a highway. Their masses and initial speeds are:(a) 1500 kg, 30 m/s(b) 1500 kg, 20 m/s(c) 1000 kg, 30 m/s(d) 1000 kg, 20 m/s(e) 2000 kg, 40 m/sThe cars use the same braking
A bird (mass 31 g) is flying at 11.1 m/s when it flies into a glass window and bounces off at a speed of 4.1 m/s. The bird is in contact with the glass for 0.071 s. What is the average force on the
A frog is sitting on a lily pad when it sees a delicious fly. He darts out his tongue at a speed of 3.7 m/s to catch the fly. The tongue has a mass of 0.41 g, and the rest of the frog plus the lily
Diana is standing on a raft of mass 100.0 kg that is floating on a still lake. She decides to walk the length of the raft. If Diana's mass is 55 kg and she walks with a velocity of 0.91 m/s with
Women often experience back pain when they are pregnant. Suppose a woman's mass before pregnancy is 68 kg and her center of mass when standing is located directly above the hips. By the thirty-fourth

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