Ina private insurance market, there are two different kinds of people: some who are more likely to require expensive medical treatment and some who are less likely to require medical treatment and who, if they do, require less expensive treatment. One health insurance policy is offered, tailored to the average person’s health care needs: the premium is equal to the average person’s medical expenses (plus the insurer’s expenses and normal profit).

a. Explain why such an insurance policy is unlikely to be feasible. In an effort to avoid the adverse selection death spiral, a private health insurer offers two health insurance policies: one that is intended for those who are more likely to require expensive treatment (and therefore charges a higher premium) and one that is intended for those who are less likely to require treatment (and therefore charges a lower premium).

b. Could this system overcome the problem created by adverse selection?

c. How does the British National Health Service avoid these problems?