and 9.21. She obtained the data for all 50 states on several variables associated with school performance, including expenditures for education, SAT performance, percentage of students taking the SAT, and other variables. We will look more extensively at these data later, but the following table contains the SPSS computer printout for Guber’s data.

These data do not reveal the pattern that we would expect. What do they show?
(In Chapter 15 we will see that the expected pattern actually is there if we control for other variables. I should point out that testing organizations discourage the use of test scores for this purpose because of so many confounding variables.)