In the United States, the probability a child will be born with a birth defect is thought to be 3%. In a certain community, there were 40 independent births during the last year, and three of those had birth defects. Using α = 0.05, would this constitute evidence that this community had an elevated probability of birth defects?

(a) State your hypotheses in terms of this community’s true probability of birth defect, p.

(b) Knowing that the number of birth defects out of 40 independent births follows a binomial distribution, calculate the p value.

(c) Use your result from

(b) to state the conclusion. LO.1